The 1260, 1,290 and 1,335 Days of Daniel 12

and

Revelation 13:5

A rebuttal to Alberto R. Timm, Ph.D.

The Historic SDA View as first taught by William Miller

If anyone of you can think of anything to add to this rebuttal, send it along and I will be glad to include your contribution. My comments will be in this color font. Dr. Timm’s remarks will be in this color.

Unfortunately, some Adventists like Charles Wheeling have denounced the historic fulfillment of the 2300 days and place all the prophetic days of Daniel and Revelation only in the future. Dr. Timm seems to believe there are no other options than his. He cannot discern that some believe in a historic day for a year fulfillment, and an end time literal fulfillment of these days.

http://biblicalresearch.gc.adventist.org/documents/daniel12.htm

The 1,290 and 1,335 Days of Daniel 12
Alberto R. Timm, Ph.D.
Professor of Historical Theology
Brazil Adventist University College - Campus 2
Director of the Brazilian Ellen G. White Research Center
June 5, 2002

The interpretation of the 1,290 days and 1,335 days of Daniel 12: 11, 12 as 1,290 years and 1,335 years respectively can be found already among the Jewish expositors of the eighth century A.D. This interpretation, based on the year-day principle (see Num 14:34; Ezek 4:6, 7), continued to be advocated by the followers of Joachim of Floris (1130-1202), as well as by several other expositors during the pre-Reformation, the Reformation, and the subsequent Protestant tradition.[1][1]

William Miller (1782-1849), on his turn, believed (1) that both the 1,290 years and the 1,335 years had began in A.D. 508, with Clovis's victory over the Arian Visigoths, which was a decisive step in uniting both political and ecclesiastic powers for Medieval Catholicism to be able to punish the "heretics"; (2) that the 1,290 years were fulfilled in 1798, with the imprisonment of Pope Pius VI by the French army; and (3) that the 1,335 years would extend for 45 years more, until the end of the 2300 years of Daniel 8:14 in 1843/1844.[1][2] This interpretation was kept by early Sabbatarian Adventists,[1] [3] becoming the historical position of the Seventh-day Adventist Church up to our own days.[1] [4]

Note by Ron: Daniel 12:1 says: 1And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. Daniel 12:1

Questions:

· Did Michael (Christ) STAND UP (Daniel 12:1) prior to 1844? What evidence do we have that this occurred?

· How many times of trouble are there such as never was since there was a nation? Matthew 24:21 places the primary fulfillment of this prophecy at the very end of time.

· How many people were delivered in the historic fulfillment of the 1260, 1290 and 1335 days? Did Jesus come and deliver them?

· Were the following verses from Matthew 24 fulfilled in the historic day for a year times?

21For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.

22And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect's sake those days shall be shortened.

23Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not.

24For there shall arise false Christs, and false prophets, and shall shew great signs and wonders; insomuch that, if it were possible, they shall deceive the very elect.

25Behold, I have told you before.

26Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the desert; go not forth: behold, he is in the secret chambers; believe it not.

27For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.

28For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together.

29Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:

30And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.

Did Jesus come during the historic DARK AGES time of trouble?

31And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. Matthew 24:21-31.

Were the elect gathered from one end of heaven to the other?

· Per Revelation 13:1-5, could Christ come before the wound is healed? Could He come before the 42 months accruing AFTER the wound is healed? In those verses, the 42 months comes immediately AFTER the wound is healed in context. Can we rip that context apart? This is a prime pretext for an end-time LITERAL application of the days. This is Bible and all is to be tested by the Bible and the Bible alone.

· Also, the 2300 days of Daniel 8:14 ended in 1844. Those 2300 days had to include the 1260, 1290 and the 1335. So how was the beast (Rome) treading down the host from 1798 to 1844, when the pope was taken captive in 1798? End note.

But in more recent years some independent preachers started to propagate a "new light" on the 1,290 and 1,335 days of Daniel 12. Rejecting the traditional Adventist understanding, such individuals claim that both time-periods comprise "literal" days (and not days which represent "years") to be fulfilled still in the future. Some of them suggest that both periods will begin with the future national Sunday law; that the 1,290 "literal" days are the time-period reserved for God's people to leave the cities; and that at the end of the 1,335 "literal" days the voice of God will announce the "day and hour" of Christ's second coming.[1][5]
As interesting as this theory might be, there are at least five basic reasons which do not allow us to accept it.

Note by Ron: It is a lying witness to say or imply that all teachers of a literal repeat of the days mentioned are guilty of “Rejecting the traditional Adventist understanding...” It is possible to believe the historic version as applicable in its time, as well as a literal repeat of the time elements. End note.

1. This theory is based on a partial and biased reading of the Spirit of Prophecy.

One of the arguments used to justify the theory of the future fulfillment of the 1,290 and 1,335 days is the false claim that Ellen White regarded as erroneous the notion that the 1,335 days were already fulfilled in the past. Allusions are made to Mrs. White letter "to the Church in Bro. Hastings house," dated as November 7, 1850, in which are mentioned some problems related to Brother O. Hewit, of Dead River. In the original text of this letter appears the following statement, "We told him of some of his errors in the past, that the 1,335 days were ended and numerous errors of his."[1] [6]

Some advocates of the "new prophetic light" argue that the conjunction "that" should be understood in the above-quoted statement as bearing the meaning of "such as.'' So they are able to make the sentence say that among the errors Hewit held was the idea "that the 1335 days were ended."

If Ellen White's intention was really to correct Brother Hewit for believing that the 1,335 days were already fulfilled, then we are left with the following questions: Why did Ellen White limit herself to correct, in 1850, in a partial and biased form, only the personal position of that brother, without any rebuke to other Adventist leaders who also believed that this prophetic period was already fulfilled in 1844?[1][7] Why did she not reprove her own husband (James White) who stated in the Review, still in 1857, that "the 1,335 days ended with the 2,300, with the Midnight Cry in 1844"? Why did she not reprove him for continuing to publish in the Review several articles of other authors advocating the very same idea?[1] [8] And more, how could Ellen White declare in 1891 that "there will never again be a message for the people of God that will be based on time"[1] [9] if the fulfillment of the 1,290 and 1,335 days were still in the future?

Note by Ron: If one was prone to take Timm at his narrow minded opinion, one would conclude that the above notion is the only basis for reapplying the days of Daniel and Revelation. That is not true. True reformers don’t need the above quoted statement by Ellen White regarding Brother Hewit.

Is it a biased reading of the Spirit of Prophecy to not consider the following points as well?

· Ellen, James, and other historic Adventists were dealing with the day for a year prophetic time fulfillment of Daniel 12.

· Bro. O. Hewit could have been one of those persons who was still teaching another time for the 2300 to end. Thus, he would have to have taught that the 1335 did not end in 1844.

· Revelation 13:1-5, teaches a 1260 day prophecy after the wound is healed. This 1260 days was not reckoned with in the historic view.

· Daniel 12 is in the context of occurring after Michael stands up for the final time. Daniel 12:7 occurs in parallel with the 42 months of Revelation 13:1-5, in context of occurring after the wound is healed.

· Daniel 12:7 mentions a 42 month (3 ½ year period of time), to wit: “7And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished.” Daniel 12:7.

· The historic view does not account for Daniel 12:7. ELLEN WHITE COVERS THE 1260 DAYS IN THE GREAT CONTROVERSY, 356. She says it ended in 1798.

· If in the historic view, the treading down of the host (Daniel 8:13) ended with the end of the 2300 days in 1844, how was the host trodden under foot from 1798, the time the pope was taken captive, to 1844? In other words, if the post was in prison and Catholicism was dead, how was was he treading down the host (God’s people) until 1844.

Evidences that Ellen White believed that those prophetic periods were already fulfilled in her own days can be found also in her statements saying that Daniel was already being vindicated in his lot (see Dan 12:13) since the beginning of the time of the end.[1] [10] Thus, it seems evident that P. Gerard Damsteegt, Professor of Church History at the Theological Seminary of Andrews University, was correct when he declared that "already in 1850 E. G. White had written that 'the 1,335 days were ended,' without specifying the time of their completion."[1] [11]

Note by Ron: Adventists believe Daniel 8 as regards Media (Iraq) and Persia (Iran), the He-goat and the Ram, were fulfilled as well, but they are being re-fulfilled right before our very eyes. The He-goat in the end-time context is the western power of America with naval bases on the isles of Cyprus, which were called Kittim anciently. Kittim is now the modern city of Lanarca in southern Cyprus where the U.S. Navy has Naval bases.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=248rXe16v9YC&pg=PA348&lpg=PA348&dq=the+modern+area+of+kittim+in+Scripture&source=bl&ots=eAVZVmGm7M&sig=fif15gC0tirFU6YYy17Bc0Eu9jY&hl=en&ei=

True reformers don’t disbelieve the historic view. They merely apply the times literally at the very end of time. Ellen White and the historic Adventists believed that Jesus could have come in 1844. Thus, the 1,335 days (day for a year) prophecy could have been fulfilled at that time and was indeed fulfilled in the (day for a year) prophetic time.

Daniel 8:17, 19, say that the events will also occur in the last end of the indignation. That is in context with Revelation 14:10-12.

17So he came near where I stood: and when he came, I was afraid, and fell upon my face: but he said unto me, Understand, O son of man: for at the time of the end shall be the vision.

19And he said, Behold, I will make thee know what shall be in the last end of the indignation: for at the time appointed the end shall be. Daniel 8:17, 19.

Here is a Bible description of the last end of the indignation:

9And the third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, If any man worship the beast and his image, and receive his mark in his forehead, or in his hand,

10The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb:

11And the smoke of their torment ascendeth up for ever and ever: and they have no rest day nor night, who worship the beast and his image, and whosoever receiveth the mark of his name. Revelation 14:9-11.

2. This theory breaks the prophetic-literary parallelism of the book of Daniel.

In order to justify the alleged future fulfillment of the 1,290 and 1,335 days, the advocates of this "new prophetic light" claim without any constraint that the content of Daniel 12:5-13, where those time-periods are mentioned, is not part of the prophetic chain of Daniel 11. Yet, a more careful analysis of the literary structure of the book of Daniel does not confirm this theory.

Note by Ron: No true reformer I know teaches that the content of Daniel 12:5-13 is not part of the prophetic chain of Daniel 11. Daniel 11, verses 30 and on are the very end-time fulfillment of the times referenced in Daniel 12 which occur AFTER MICHAEL (CHRIST) STANDS UP, and not before, and He does not stand up BEFORE 1844! This is an irrefutable fact. Michael (Christ) did not stand up in 1798. In the full context of Daniel 12, Christ does not stand up until the abomination of desolation is seated on day 1290, when the continual (COVENANT) is interfered with. That has to do with the covenant, to wit:

30For the ships of Chittim (Variation of Kittim) shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant.

31And arms shall stand on his part, and they shall pollute the sanctuary of strength, and shall take away the daily sacrifice, and they shall place the abomination that maketh desolate.

32And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he corrupt by flatteries: but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits. Daniel 11:30-32.

It is clear that the abomination of desolation involves indignation and wickedness against the covenant, the Law of God. The abomination of desolation involves both the person who commits this indignation against the covenant, the pope and his followers, and the legislation of the Sunday Law. So there is a most definite relationship between the Sunday Law in violation of the covenant and the abomination of desolation.

The Sabbath was to be a CONTINUAL SIGN between God and His people, and the Law of God is to be CONTINUAL until all is finished. The Sabbath is a PERPETUAL (CONTINUAL) SIGN forever between God and His people.

“Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.” Exodus 31:16 End note.

William H. Shea explains that in the book of Daniel each prophetic period (1,260, 1,290, 1,335, and 2,300 days) appears as a calibrating appendix to the basic body of the respective prophecy to which it is related. For instance, the vision of chapter 7 is described in verses 1-14, but the time related to it appears only in verse 25. In chapter 8, the body of the vision is related in verses 1-12, but the time appears only in verse 14. In a similar way, the prophetic time-periods related to the vision of chapter 11 are only mentioned in chapter 12.[1][12]

Such parallelism confirms that the 1,290 days and the 1,335 days of Daniel 12:11, 12 share the same prophetic-apocalyptic nature of "a time, two times, and half a time" of Daniel 7:25 (RSV), and of the 2,300 "evenings and mornings" of Daniel 8:14(RSV). So, if we apply the year-day principle to the prophetic periods of Daniel 7 and 8, we should also apply it to the time-periods of Daniel 12, for all these time-periods are in someway interrelated between themselves, and the description of each vision points only to a single fulfillment of the prophetic time-period related to it.

Note by Ron: Where is any parallelism cited for the 1260 days of Daniel 12:7 in the historic view? When did Christ STAND UP before 1844? What evidence is there that Christ STOOD UP to fulfill Daniel 12:1, in 1798, or 508 A.D.?

Besides this, the allusion in Daniel 12:11 (NIV) to the "daily sacrifice" and the "abomination that causes desolation" connects the 1,290 and 1,335 days not only with the content of the vision of Daniel 11 (see v. 31) but also with the 2,300 evenings and mornings of Daniel 8:14 (see 8:13; 9:27). The very same apostate power that would establish the "abomination that causes desolation" in replacement to the "daily sacrifice" is described in Daniel 7 and 8 as the "little horn," and in Daniel 11 as the "king of the North."

Note by Ron: Ellen White applies Daniel 11:30 and on to the very end-time, to wit:

Ellen White on Eleventh Chapter of Daniel

Satan is now seeking to hold God's people in a state of inactivity, to keep them from acting their part in spreading the truth, that they may at last be weighed in the balance and found wanting.--Testimonies, vol. 1, p. 260. {ChS 54.4}

Ellen White on Daniel 11 – World Stirred With the Spirit of War

“The world is stirred with the spirit of war. The prophecy of the eleventh chapter of Daniel has nearly reached its complete fulfillment. Soon the scenes of trouble spoken of in the prophecies will take place.”--Testimonies, vol. 9, p. 14.

“There is need of a much closer study of the Word of God; especially should Daniel and the Revelation have attention as never before. . . . The light that Daniel received from God was given especially for these last days.”--TM 112, 113 (1896). {LDE 15.3}

“Let us read and study the twelfth chapter of Daniel. It is a warning that we shall all need to understand before the time of the end.”--15 MR 228 (1903). {LDE 15.4}

Daniel 11:30 “We have no time to lose. Troublous times are before us. The world is stirred with the spirit of war. Soon the scenes of trouble spoken of in the prophecies will take place. The prophecy in the eleventh of Daniel has nearly reached its complete fulfillment. Much of the history that has taken place in fulfillment of this prophecy will be repeated. In the thirtieth verse a power is spoken of that "shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant." [Verses 31-36, quoted.] {13MR 394.1}

“Scenes similar to those described in these words will take place. We see evidence that Satan is fast obtaining the control of human minds who have not the fear of God before them. Let all read and understand the prophecies of this book, for we are now entering upon the time of trouble spoken of: [Dan. 12:1-4, quoted.] {13MR 394.2}

Daniel 11 "The light that Daniel received from God was given especially for these last days. The visions he saw by the banks of the Ulai and the Hiddekel, (Dan. 8 &amp 10-12) the great rivers of Shinar, are now in process of fulfillment, and all the events foretold will soon come to pass." Testimonies to Ministers, p. 113. End note.

Therefore, the attempt to interpret some of the prophetic periods of Daniel (70 weeks, 2,300 evenings and mornings) as days that symbolize years and others (1,260 days, 1,335 days) as mere literal days is completely inconsistent with the prophetic-literary parallelism of the book of Daniel.

3. This theory rests on a non-biblical interpretation of the Hebrew term tamid ("daily," "continuous").

The theory that both the 1,290 days and the 1,335 days begin with the future Sunday law is based on the assumption that in Daniel 12:11 the expressions "daily sacrifice" and "abomination that causes desolation" mean Sabbath and Sunday respectively. But also this assumption lacks biblical foundation.

The expression "daily sacrifice" is the translation of the Hebrew term tamid, which means "daily" or "continuous," to which was added the word "sacrifice," which does not appear in the original text of Daniel 8:13 and 12:11 . This term (tamid) is used in the Scriptures in regard not only to the daily sacrifice of the earthly sanctuary (see Exod 29:38, 42) but also to several other aspects of the continuous ministration of that sanctuary (see Exod 25:30; 27:20; 28:29, 38; 30:8; 1 Chr 16:6). In the book of Daniel the term refers obviously to the continuous priestly ministry of Christ in the heavenly sanctuary/temple (see Dan 8:9-14). The expression "abomination that causes desolation" implies the whole counterfeit system to that ministry, built upon the anti-biblical theories of the natural immortality of the soul, the mediation of the saints, the auricular confession, the sacrifice of the mass, etc.

We cannot agree with the theory that in Daniel 12 the "daily" represent simply the Sabbath and that the "abomination that causes desolation" represents only Sunday. To believe in this way we would need to empty those expressions from the broad meaning attributed to them by the biblical context in which they appear and by the overall consensus of the Scriptures.

Note by Ron: We (True Reformers) cannot agree with the theory that the 42 months of Revelation 13:1-5, occurring AFTER THE WOUND IS HEALED, are not a fact of Scripture! To believe in that way we would have to deny clear scripture. We would have to deny Scripture to say that the 42 months of Daniel 12:7 and the other verses involving days, are not in the clear context of occurring AFTER MICHAEL (CHRIST) STANDS UP and that the earliest time He could have stood up is 1844 or thereafter!

No true reformer will say that any verse in the Bible means just “THIS AND ONLY THIS.” I have no objections to the above application to the continuous ministrations of the Sanctuary. Nor, do I believe those Sanctuary ministrations will continue beyond the time Michael stands up at which time Sunday will be universally ENFORCED. All will have to have made their decision by that time which begins on day 1290. The Loud Cry will have gone to the world for 1290 days from the legislation of the law to the ENFORCING of it by penalty of fines, imprisonment and/or death. The death of martyrs will occur from day 1260-1335, and the spirit of the martyrs will inspire others to be faithful unto death. On day 1335, Christ stands up and the judgment of the wicked begins. They could not be judged until they work their final works of unrighteousness. That judgment work will not be finished (the Sanctuary will not be cleansed) until the Saints have their 3 ½ year test of drinking a draught from the same cup Christ drank for 3 ½ years. Of course it will not be to the same degree in which Christ drank. But the test will be severe.

4. This theory reflects the Jesuit futuristic interpretation of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation.

The defenders of the literal-futuristic interpretation of the 1,290 and 1,335 days pretend that their position is genuinely Adventist and plainly endorsed by the Spirit of Prophecy. But if we analyze the subject more carefully in the light of History we will perceive that this theory actually rejects the Historicism and the year-day principle of the Protestant tradition, aligning itself openly with the literalistic Futurism of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation.

Note by Ron: It is a total misrepresentation of true reformers to say that their view of a literal fulfillment of the time prophesies does any despite to the historic view, which is true in its context. Shall we say that the historic view reflects the Jesuit preterist interpretation of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. That would be as fair as Timm is being to true reformers, but true reformers will not return the unreasonable and unfounded insult. But could it be that the reason Adventist youth go out of the church about as fast as they enter is because they view the Bible as ONLY irrelevant ancient history rather than real live NOW history in the making. Satan achieves his intention with either extreme regarding preterism or futurism. The truth is found in BOTH for there are two applications of many prophesies, the historic and the literal at the end-time. (Note: For those who don’t know: preterism is the Jesuit teaching that all prophecy has been completely fulfilled in the past. Futurism is the Jesuit teaching that all prophecy is yet to be fulfilled in the future).

The Protestant Reformers of sixteenth century identified the "little horn" as the Papacy, from which would originate the "abomination that causes desolation" mentioned by Daniel.[1][13] With the intention of freeing the Papacy from such accusations, the Italian Cardinal Robert Bellarmine (1542-1621), the most able and renown of all Jesuit polemicists, suggested that the "little horn" was a mere king and that the 1,260 and 1,335 days were only literal days to be fulfilled only in the time-period just prior to the end of the world.[1] [14] So contemporary Papacy could no longer be identified with the "little horn" or the "king of the North" and, consequently, could no longer be made responsible for the "abomination that causes desolation."

Note by Ron: No true reformer would discount the historic version as historical fact! But even SDA leaders teach the healing of the wound of the papacy (Revelation 13:1-5), after which those verses say he will rule for 42 months AFTER the wound is healed. That is the total context of verses 1-5 and the entire chapter for that matter. End note.

Many contemporary advocates of the futurist interpretation of the 1,290 and 1,335 days do not acknowledge the indebtedness of this theory to the Futurism of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. But even so such individuals should at least recognize that "these futurist proposals rest essentially on a misunderstanding of the thought patterns of Hebrew prophecy," and that "they represent a reading of the Hebrew idiom through Western eyeglasses."[1] [15]

Note by Ron: Is the same writer, Alberto R. Timm, indebted to Roman Catholic Futurism because he believes that the papacy will once again rule the earth per Revelation 13? What does that “futurist proposal” rest upon? Is that proposal Catholic Jesuit Futurism as well? Most SDA’s take only the historic fulfillment of the prophesies. Is that stand idebted to the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation wherein they employ Jesuit preterism? End note.

5. This theory disregards the warnings of the Spirit of Prophecy against the attempt of extending the fulfillment of any time-prophecy beyond 1844.

If this theory would be correct then, as soon as the Sunday law would be promulgated, we would already know in advance when probation would end and when Christ's Second Coming would take place. This is, therefore, another subtle and tricky way of setting the time for the final events. As original and creative as these attempts might seem, they are nothing else than speculative proposals that ignore and/or despise, in the name of the Spirit of Prophecy, the proper warnings of the Spirit of Prophecy on this matter.

Note by Ron: It is not true that we would know when Christ’s Second Coming would take place. Ellen White says that Christ will announce the day and hour of His coming. Only then will we know the time of His coming.

Concerning knowing when probation ends, Ellen White says that it ends with the first plague. But there is nothing to predict how soon the first plague will precede or follow the 1335^th day! End note.

As early as 1850 Ellen White warned, "The Lord showed me that TIME had not been a test since 1844, and that time will never again be a test."[1][16] Later on she added that "there will never again be a message for the people of God that will be based on time." "The Lord showed me that the message must go, and that it must not be hung on time; for time will never be a test again." "God has not revealed to us the time when this message will close, or when probation will have an end."[1] [17] It will be only after the close of probation and shortly before the Second Coming that God will declare to the saints "the day and hour of Jesus' coming."[1] [18]

Note by Ron: To say that a literal fulfillment of the days of Daniel 12 are a TIME TEST, is not what the true reformers teach. They make no test of those times, and no time test is inherent in a literal teaching of those days any more than a time test is inherent in the legislation of the National and a Universal Sunday Law! A literal fulfillment of the days of Daniel 12 and Revelation 13:5, is not a message based on time as was 1844. The test of time via 1844 was in the context of the prediction by the Adventists that Jesus would come on a certain day, namely October 22, 1844. No true reformer is making such a TEST and/or prophesy BASED ON TIME. We base our belief on Bible prophecy in Daniel 12 which occurs AFTER Jesus stands up, and Revelation 13:1-5, which occurs AFTER the wound is healed. End note.

Commenting the expression "there should be time no longer" (Rev 10:6, KJV), Ellen White stated in 1900 that "this time, which the angel declares with a solemn oath, is not the end of this world's history, neither of probationary time, but of prophetic time, which should precede the advent of our Lord. That is, the people will not have another message upon definite time. After this period of time, reaching from 1842 to 1844, there can be no definite tracing of the prophetic time."[1][19]

Note by Ron: Prophetic time, as interpreted by the pioneers, referred to day for a year time. In the context of the statement, it is evident that Ellen White was saying that the people will not have another message upon the definite time of Christ’s coming and that such a definite time will never again be a test or a reality. Even regarding the literal days of Daniel and Revelation, they are not definite in that God is going to cut them short and no one knows how short they will be cut. And no man will know the day and hour of Jesus’ coming until He announces it for the 144,000 to hear.

After the failure of Christ to come in 1844, certain Adventists persisted in setting future dates for the 2300 days to end. Ellen White’s statements on no more definite time were all in an effort to curb this constant resetting of the 2300 days date. As late as 1851, Ellen White was given a vision to curb this resetting of the time for the 2300 days to end.

“I was searching through my writings, before coming to this meeting, to see what I should take with me to Australia, and I found an envelope on which was written, “Testimony given in regard to time setting, June 21, 1851. Preserve carefully.” I opened it, and this is what I found. It reads: {1SM 188.2}

“A copy of a vision the Lord gave Sister White, June 21, 1851, at Camden, N.Y. The Lord showed me that the message must go, and that it must not be hung on time; for time will never be a test again. I saw that some were getting a false excitement, arising from preaching time, that the third angel’s message can stand on its own foundation, and that it needs not time to strengthen it, and that it will go with mighty power, and do its work, and will be cut short in righteousness.” {1SM 188.3}

End note.

Being this the case, why then some professed Adventists still continue to insist on reapplying the 1,290 days and the 1,335 days of Daniel 12 to the future? Only God can judge the degree of sincerity of such people. But one thing is certain, "Faith in a lie will not have a sanctifying influence upon the life or character. No error is truth, or can be made truth by repetition, or by faith in it. . . . I may be perfectly sincere in following a wrong road, but that will not make it the right road, or bring me to the place I wished to reach."[1][20]

Conclusion

It is therefore evident that the theory of a future fulfillment of the 1,290 and 1,335 days (1) is based on a partial and biased reading of the Spirit of Prophecy; (2) breaks the prophetic-literary parallelism of the book of Daniel; (3) rests on a non-biblical interpretation of the Hebrew term tamid ("daily," "continuous"); (4) reflects the Jesuit futurist interpretation of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation; and (5) disregards the warnings of the Spirit of Prophecy against the attempt of extending the fulfillment of any time-prophecy beyond 1844.

Note by Ron:

· The notion of a future fulfillment of the 1,260, 1,290 and 1,335 days is based on the Biblical fact that Daniel 12:7 occurs AFTER Michael stands up, and Revelation 13:1-5 cites a 42 month (3 ½ year) time after the wound in healed. That is the only and entire context of the verses and the entire chapters involved.

· The same notion is based on the fact that in Daniel 12:7, there is a 42 month time period AFTER Michael stands up. If the meaning of Michael (Christ) standing up in Daniel 12 refers to 1844, the end of the 2300 days (Daniel 8:14) at which time He moved from the Holy Place to enter the Most Holy Place, that would be the earliest FIRST TIME He did STAND UP in the context of the times mentioned in Daniel 12. However, Daniel 12:1 may refer to the time of the National Sunday Law. But in no case does He stand up before 1844, and any STANDING UP after 1844 would constitute the time elements of Daniel 12 as occurring after that date. End note.

In a time when the winds of false doctrines will be blowing with strong intensity (see Eph 4:14 ) "to deceive, if possible, even the elect" (Matt 24:24, NKJV), we will be secure only if we are grounded on the clear and unmovable Word of God. All "new lights," to be true, need to be in perfect harmony with the overall consensus of the Scriptures and of the inspired writings of Ellen White.[1][21] The watchmen of God's people should never allow human conjectures and speculations to hinder them from giving the trumpet the right sound (see Ezek 33:1-9; 1 Cor 14:8).

Note by Ron: The same principles apply for all the points I have made as well. Another huge factor in the time element is that Ellen White said that the destruction of Jerusalem, A.D. 70, was a prefigure with a twofold meaning:

1. It prefigured the destruction of the Temple and the city of Jerusalem—“BEGIN AT MY SANCTUARY (TEMPLE) Ezekiel 9:6.

2. It prefigured the terrors of the last great day.

3. If it prefigured the fulfillment of Ezekiel 9 in the type, it will be the same scenario in the next literal fulfillment of Ezekiel 9, or Ezekiel 9 would not be literal to the letter as Ellen White says it will.

4. God has shown me that the days in question show us exactly when to sell and invest all our money into the work. They are also given to encourage those who are imprisoned and in the desolate places. It will be encouraging to know just how long we will have to endure such grievous circumstances.

5. The 3 ½ year respite from the time Cestius Gallus landed on Jewish soil in A.D. 66, to the time Titus returned in A.D. 70 and destroyed the Temple and then the city of Jerusalem, is part of the prefigure (type) of the Ezekiel 9 fulfillment.

Involved with any prefigure reckoning of the event, is the 3 ½ year time lapse from the time Cestius Gallus first landed upon Jewish soil in A.D. 66, and then promptly left. Titus returned 3 ½ years later in A.D. 70, and destroyed the Temple and the city of Jerusalem. Ellen White said this event was a prefigure. She paralleled the landing of Cestius upon Jewish soil with the Sunday Law. Testimonies, Vol. 5, 451, 464. The landing of any Romans on Jewish soil so many furlongs from the Temple, was considered by the Jews to be the abomination of desolation. Ellen White paralleled that event to the National Sunday Law. So we may conclude that 3 ½ years after the Sunday Law legislation (NOT ENFORCEMENT, Ezekiel 9 will have another literal fulfillment, for the years A.D. 66-70 involved Matthew 24:15, 16, the abomination of desolation, and all faithful Jews fled to the land of Pella in Perea (optional spelling: Peraea).

“The future was mercifully veiled from the disciples. Had they at that time fully comprehend the two awful facts--the Redeemer's sufferings and death, and the destruction of their city and temple--they would have been overwhelmed with horror. Christ presented before them an outline of the prominent events to take place before the close of time. His words were not then fully understood; but their meaning was to be unfolded as His people should need the instruction therein given. The prophecy which He uttered was twofold in its meaning; while foreshadowing the destruction of Jerusalem, it prefigured also the terrors of the last great day.” The Great Controversy, p. 25.

If the prophecy prefigured the Ezekiel 9 destruction of Jerusalem, and that prophecy is to have another literal fulfillment, the 3 ½ years respite time, during which all true Christians fled to Pella in Perea, will have another fulfillment as well.

It would greatly embarrass Alberto R. Timm, Ph.D., Professor of Historical Theology Brazil Adventist University College - Campus 2 Director of the Brazilian Ellen G. White Research Center, to admit to this prefigure, Ezekiel 9 truth, and explain why Ellen White prophesied that another LITERAL fulfillment of Ezekiel 9 will BEGIN AT HIS SANCTUARY, the Seventh-day Adventist church, to wit:

"Study the 9th chapter of Ezekiel. These words will be literally fulfilled yet the time is passing, and the people are asleep. They refuse to humble their souls and to be converted. Not a great while longer will the Lord bear with the people who have such great and important truths revealed to them, but who refuse to bring these truths into their individual experience. The time is short. God is calling will YOU hear? Will YOU receive His message? Will YOU be converted before it is too late? Soon, very soon, every case will be decided for eternity. Letter 106, 1909, pp. 2, 3, 5, 7. (To "The churches in Oakland and Berkeley, September 26, 1909.)" E. G. White Manuscript Releases Volume One, p. 260.

“The time will soon come when the prophecy of Ezekiel 9 will be fulfilled; that prophecy should be carefully studied, for it will be fulfilled to the very letter.”— Ellen G. White 1888 Materials, p. 1303.

The Signs of the Times, February 12, 1880: “The desolation of Jerusalem stands as a solemn warning before the eyes of modern Israel.”

“The desolation of Jerusalem in the days of Jeremiah is a solemn warning to modern Israel, that the counsels and admonitions given them through chosen instrumentalities cannot be disregarded with impunity.” Prophets and Kings, 416.

Who is modern Israel (below) in your estimation? Is modern Israel Babylon? I think not, though Ezekiel 9 will finally befall Babylon and the world as well.

The Signs of the Times, February 12, 1880: “The desolation of Jerusalem stands as a solemn warning before the eyes of modern Israel.”

“I was confirmed in all I had stated in Minneapolis, that a reformation must go through the churches. Reforms must be made, for spiritual weakness and blindness were upon the people who had been blessed with great light and precious opportunities and privileges. As reformers they had come out of the denominational churches, but they now act a part similar to that which the churches acted. We hoped that there would not be the necessity for another coming out. [THIS IS THE ONLY KNOWN STATEMENT FROM THE PEN OF ELLEN WHITE INDICATING THAT SHE MIGHT HAVE LOST CONFIDENCE IN THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH ORGANIZATION. THE DOUBT WHICH SHE EXPRESSED HERE WAS NEVER REPEATED DURING THE REMAINING TWENTY-SIX YEARS OF HER LIFE.] While we will endeavor to keep the "unity of the Spirit" in the bonds of peace, we will not with pen or voice cease to protest against bigotry.--EGW '88 356, 357 (1889). {LDE 48.1}

The red print portion in brackets is a notation in the book Last Day Events, within the statement just as it appears above. Only "dumb-dog" watchmen (Isa. 56:10-12 and 5T 211) would place the following statement immediately after the above one ON THE SAME PAGE, after saying that the above statement was the only one wherein Ellen White expressed a lack of confidence in the church. That is an absolute lie. Here is a listing of some of the many statements expressing Ellen White’s lack of confidence in the professing church militant:

https://omega77.tripod.com/leavestate.htm

“Of those who boast of their light and yet fail to walk in it Christ says, "But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you. And thou, Capernaum [Seventh-day Adventists, who have had great light], which art exalted unto heaven [in point of privilege], shalt be brought down to hell: for if the mighty works which have been done in thee had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day." Ellen G. White, Review and Herald Articles, Aug. 1, 1893. [THE BRACKETED COMMENTS ARE BY ELLEN WHITE.] {LDE 48.2}

“Let us bear in mind the words that Christ spoke to the people who were honored above others in being privileged to have the Lord Jesus Christ to labor among them, and yet who did not appreciate this privilege, and did not diffuse the light of Heaven to others. He said: "Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the mighty works, which were done in you, had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repeated long ago in sackcloth and ashes. But I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment, than for you. And thou, Capernaum, which art exalted unto heaven, shalt be brought down to hell; for if the mighty works, which have been done in thee, had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. But I say unto you, That it shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment, than for thee." {RH, December 3, 1895 par. 6}

Statements Wherein Ellen White Called the Church a Harlot of Babylon in 1882, 1893, 1898, and Again in 1903 https://omega77.tripod.com/harlotstat1.htm

A harlot is a harlot is a harlot! A harlot is part of Babylon’s brothel any which way you look at it. But the SDA church is far worse because they had the truth.

The Prophesied Fall of The Professing Seventh-day Adventist Church:

"Jesus sends HIS PEOPLE a message of warning to prepare them for his coming. To the prophet John was made known the closing work in the great plan of man's redemption. He beheld an angel flying 'in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and tongue, and people, saying with a loud voice, Fear God, and give glory to him for the hour of his Judgment is come and worship him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters [Rev. 14:6, 7.].

The angel represented in prophecy as delivering this message, symbolizes a class of faithful men, who, obedient to the promptings of God's Spirit and the teachings of his word, proclaim this warning to the inhabitants of earth. This message was not to be committed to the religious leaders of the people. They had failed to preserve their connection with God, and had REFUSED THE LIGHT FROM HEAVEN therefore they WERE NOT of the number described by the apostle Paul: 'But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief. Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day we are not of the night nor of darkness' [1 Thess. 5:4, 5].

The watchmen upon the walls of Zion should be the first to catch the tidings of the Saviour's advent, the first to lift their voices to proclaim him near, the first to warn the people to prepare for his coming. But they were at ease, dreaming of peace and safety, while the people were asleep in their sins. Jesus saw HIS CHURCH, like the barren fig-tree, covered with pretentious leaves, yet destitute of precious fruit. There was a boastful observance of the forms of religion, while the spirit of true humility, penitence and faith--which alone could render the service acceptable to God--was lacking. Instead of the graces of the Spirit, there were manifested pride, formalism, vainglory, selfishness, oppression. A BACKSLIDING CHURCH closed their eyes to the signs of the times. God did nor forsake them, or suffer his faithfulness to fail but they departed from him, and SEPARATED THEMSELVES from his love. As they REFUSED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONDITIONS, his promises were NOT FULFILLED to them." E.G. White, The Spirit of Prophecy, vol. 4, pp. 199-200 [The 1884 edition of The Great Controversy, 199, 200].

SDA Watchmen will NEVER AGAIN show the House of Jacob (let alone Babylon) its sins:

"Here we see that the (SDA) church-the Lord's sanctuary-was the first ("For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of God. 1 Peter 4:17) to feel the stroke of the wrath of God. ("The wrath of God" = the 7 last plagues—Early Writings, 36, 52, 64, 289; Revelation 15:1, 7; 16:1.) The ancient men, those who had stood as guardians of the spiritual interest of the people, had betrayed their trust. They had taken the position that we need not look for miracles and the marked manifestation of God's power as in former days. Times have changed. These words strengthen their unbelief, and they say: The Lord will not do good, neither will He do evil. He is too merciful to visit His people in judgment. ("He loves us so much, no matter what we do, we'll always be the apple of His eye.") Thus Peace and safety' is the cry from men who will never again lift up their voice like a trumpet to show God's people their transgressions and the house of Jacob their sins. These dumb dogs that would not bark are the ones who feel the just vengeance of an offended God. Men, maidens, and little children ALL perish together." (ALL excludes nobody-not one. ALL from the leadership to the cradle roll are slain!) Testimonies, Vol. 5, p. 211. (The chapter this is taken from begins on page 207, quoting Ezekiel 9).

In mentioning the dumb dogs that will not bark, Ellen White reapplies Isaiah 56:10-12, to wit:

10His watchmen are blind: they are all ignorant, they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber.

11Yea, they are greedy dogs which can never have enough, and they are shepherds that cannot understand: they all look to their own way, every one for his gain, from his quarter.

12Come ye, say they, I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, and much more abundant. Isaiah 56:10-12. (THE PEACE AND SAFETY PART)!

The SDA COUNTERPART FACTOR to the Jews

COUNTERPART: "The Lord commanded one of his ancient servants, 'Pray not thou for this people [Jer. 7:16 and 11:14], neither lift up cry nor prayer for them neither make intercession to me for I will not hear thee.' The prophet thus describes the sins which had called forth this fearful denunciation: 'The prophets prophesy falsely, and the priests bear rule by their means and my people love to have it so and what will ye do in the end thereof?' 'From the least of them even unto the greatest of them, every one is given to covetousness and from the prophet even unto the priest, every one dealeth falsely. They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace, when there is no peace.' The apostles declare that this state of things will find its COUNTERPART in the last days. Many have a form of godliness, but in their daily life deny the power thereof. They have ceased to be convicted of their sins or alarmed at their state. They say in their hearts, 'The church is flourishing. Peace and spiritual prosperity are within her borders.' The words of the prophet may well apply to these self-deceivers, 'They have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations. I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them." E. G. White, Second Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, 11-07-82.

"Shall the Lord be compelled to say, `Pray not thou for this people, neither lift up cry nor prayer for them, neither make intercession to Me: for I will not hear thee' [Jeremiah 7:16]? `Therefore the showers have been withholden, and there hath been no latter rain....Wilt thou not from this time cry unto Me, My Father, thou art the guide of my youth' [Jeremiah 3:3-4]?...
We are to be judged by the light that has been given us,(159) and we can find no excuse by which to extenuate our course." Review and Herald, Vol. 3, p 69-70 (August 1, 1893). (Brackets by Ellen White)

COUNTERPART: "In the time of the Saviour, the Jews had so covered over the precious jewels of truth with the rubbish of tradition and fable, that it was impossible to distinguish the true from the false. The Saviour came to clear away the rubbish of superstition and long-cherished errors, and to set the jewels of God's word in the framework of truth. What would the Saviour do if he should come to us now as he did to the Jews? He would have to do a similar work in clearing away the rubbish of tradition and ceremony. The Jews were greatly disturbed when he did this work [As are SDAs today!]. They had lost sight of the original truth of God, but Christ brought it again to view. It is our work to free the precious truths of God from superstition and error." E.G. White, Review and Herald, Vol. 2, 308.

“The Lord commanded one of his ancient servants, ‘Pray not thou for this people, neither lift up cry nor prayer for them; neither make intercession to me; for I will not hear thee.’ The prophet thus describes the sins which had called forth this fearful denunciation: ‘The prophets prophesy falsely, and the priests bear rule by their means; and my people love to have it so; and what will ye do in the end thereof? From the least of them even unto the greatest of them, every one is given to covetousness; and from the prophet even unto the priest, every one dealeth falsely. They have healed also the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly, saying, Peace, peace, when there is no peace.’" {RH, November 7, 1882 par. 8}

“The apostles declare that this state of things will find its counterpart in the last days. Many have a form of godliness, but in their daily life deny the power thereof. They have ceased to be convicted of their sins or alarmed at their state. They say in their hearts, ‘The church is flourishing. Peace and spiritual prosperity are within her borders.’ The words of the prophet may well apply to these self-deceivers, "They have chosen their own ways, and their soul delighteth in their abominations. I also will choose their delusions, and will bring their fears upon them." {RH, November 7, 1882 par. 9}

Who else but SDA’s could qualify as the COUNTERPART of the Jews when they both are “chosen people” who claim to keep the commandments of God and constitute a remnant?!

[1][1]. LeRoy Froom, The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1954), 4:205-6.
[1][2]. W[illia]m Miller, Evidences from Scripture and History of the Second Coming of Christ about the Year A.D. 1843, and of His Personal Reign of 1000 Years (Brandon, [VT]: Vermont Telegraph Office, 1833), 31; idem, Evidence from Scripture and History of the Second Coming of Christ, about the Year 1843; Exhibited in a Course of Lectures (Boston: Joshua V. Himes, 1842), 95-104, 296-97; idem, "Synopsis of Miller's Views," Signs of the Times, Jan. 25, 1843, 148-49.
[1][3]. See P. Gerard Damsteegt, Foundations of the Seventh-day Adventist Message and Mission (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1977), 168-70.
[1][4]. See, for example, [Uriah Smith], "Synopsis of the Present Truth. No.12," Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Jan. 28, 1858, 92-93; Stephen N. Haskell, The Story of Daniel the Prophet (Berrien Springs, MI: Advocate Publishing Company, 1903), 263-65; J. N. Loughborough, "The Thirteen Hundred and Thirty-Five Days," Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Apr. 4, 1907, 9-10; Uriah Smith, The Prophecies of Daniel and the Revelation, rev. ed. (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1944), 330-31; George M. Price, The Greatest of the Prophets: A New Commentary on the Book of Daniel (Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press, 1955), 337-42; Araceli S. Melo, Testemunhos Históricos das Profecias de Daniel (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: [Laemmert], 1968), 727- 29; Francis D. Nichol, ed., The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, rev. ed. (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1977), 4, 880-81; Vilmar E. González, "Os 1290 e 1335 dias em Daniel 12," Revista Adventista (Brazil), Sept. 1982, 43-45; Jacques B. Doukhan, Daniel: The Vision of the End, rev. ed. (Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1989), 153; William H. Shea, "Time Prophecies of Daniel 12 and Revelation 12-13," in Frank B. Holbrook, ed., Symposium on Revelation -Book I, Daniel and Revelation Committee Series, vol. 6 (Silver Spring, MD: Biblical Research Institute of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, 1992), 327-60; William H. Shea, Daniel 7-12: Prophecies of the End Time, The Abundant Life Bible Amplifier (Boise, ID: Pacific Press, 1996), 217-23; Reinaldo W. Siqueira, "Daniel 12: Interpretação a Partir do Contexto do Livro," Parousia (Brazil) 1, no.2 (2nd Semester 2000): 61-66.
[1][5]. A helpful critical analysis of several more recent theories about the fulfillment of the 1260, 1290, and 1335 days is provided in Victor Michaelson, Delayed Time-Setting Heresies Exposed (Payson, AZ: Leaves-Of-Autumn, 1989).
[1][6]. E. G. White, "To the Church in Bro. Hastings house," Nov. 7, 1850 (Letter H-28, 1850). Published in idem, Manuscript Releases (Silver Spring, MD: Ellen G. White Estate, 1990), 5:203; ibid., 6:251; ibid., 16:208.
[1][7]. J[ ames W[hite], "The Judgment," Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Jan. 29, 1857, 100.
[1][8]. See, for example, J. N. Loughborough, "The Hour of His Judgment Come," Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Feb. 14, 1854, 30; U[riah] S[mith], "Short Interviews with Correspondents," Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Feb. 24, 1863, 100; [idem], "The Sanctuary ," Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Sept. 8, 1863, 116.
[1][9]. E. G. White, "'It Is Not for You to Know the Times and the Seasons,'" Advent Review, and Sabbath Herald, Mar. 22, 1892, 177-78; republished in idem, in Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, 6: 1052; idem, Selected Messages (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1958), 1:188.
[1][10]. [ldem], "Temperance," Ms 50, 1893 (published in idem, Sermons and Talks [Silver Spring, MD: E. G. White Estate, 1990], 1:225-26); idem, to "Dr. J. H. Kellogg," Letter K-59, Nov. 22, 1896 (published in idem, Testimonies to Ministers and Gospel Workers [Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press, 1923], 115); idem, "Diary ," Ms 176, Nov. 4, 1899 (published in Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, 4:1174); idem, "Help to Be Given to Our Schools," Ms 10, 1900 (published in Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, 7:949); idem, "To Our Church Members in Australasia," Letter 8-6, Jan. 17, 1907 (published in [Australasian] Union Conference Record, Mar. 11, 1907, 1-2).
[1][11]. Damsteegt, 169.
[1][12]. Shea, Daniel 7-12, 217-18.
[1][13]. See Froom, 2:241-463, passim.
[1][14]. See ibid., 495-502.
[1][15]. [Frank B. Holbrook], "Editorial Synopsis" to W. H. Shea's article, "Time Prophecies of Daniel 12 and Revelation 12-13," in Holbrook, ed., Symposium on Revelation - Book I, 327.
[1][16]. E. G. White, "Dear Brethren and Sisters," Present Truth, Nov. 1850, 87.See also idem, Early Writings (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1945), 75.
[1][17]. Idem, Selected Messages, 1:188, 191.
[1][18]. ldem, The Great Controversy between Christ and Satan (Washington, DC: Review and Herald, 1911 ), 640. See also idem, Early Writings, 15, 296-97.
[1][19]. Ellen G. White's commentaries in Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, 7:971.
[1][20]. Idem, Selected Messages, 2:56.
[1][21]. See idem, Counsels to Writers and Editors (Nashville, TN: Southern Publishing Association, 1946), 33-51.